A Fungus That Survives Radioactive Radiation… but Not UV-C

In the Chernobyl exclusion zone, researchers discovered a surprising fungus: Cladosporium sphaerospermum. This microscopic organism, coated in melanin, has the ability to survive—and even thrive—in environments where radioactivity is lethal to most forms of life. As reported by Forbes, this black, melanin-rich fungus was observed on the walls of reactor No. 4, inside the Chernobyl sarcophagus, in a highly radioactive zone.

Unlike most life forms that succumb to ionizing radiation, this microorganism not only survives but grows faster in a radioactive environment. Its main peculiarity is that its melanin appears to absorb gamma rays to fuel its metabolism. Experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station (ISS) confirmed that this fungus can capture gamma radiation energy to stimulate its growth—a phenomenon nicknamed “radiosynthesis.”

This fascinating discovery opens perspectives in space radiation protection: the melanin of this fungus could one day help design anti-radiation shields to protect astronauts.

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Melanin: A Natural Shield Against Radiation

The exceptional resistance of Cladosporium sphaerospermum has intrigued researchers for years. In a landmark review published in 2008, Dadachova and Casadevall described how melanin acts as a true biological shield in many fungi exposed to radiation, citing C. sphaerospermum as an emblematic example.

According to their research, melanin absorbs the energy of ionizing radiation and reduces the formation of free radicals, thereby limiting cellular damage. It may even convert part of this energy into metabolic signals that stimulate growth—a mechanism known as radiosynthesis.

This protective role explains why these fungi resist highly radioactive environments, particularly gamma rays.

A Fascinating Phenomenon, But Not Invincible

In a dedicated article, Futura Sciences recalls that these melanized fungi demonstrate a rare ability: converting part of ionizing radiation energy into chemical energy usable by their cells. While remarkable, Futura stresses that this adaptation does not make the fungus invincible.

Indeed, UV-C at 254 nm directly targets DNA (pyrimidine dimers) and effectively neutralizes fungal spores. Available data indicate that a fluence of about 180 mJ/cm² achieves ≈ 2.5 log inactivation of Cladosporium under controlled conditions, leading to a recommended ≥ 250 mJ/cm² to achieve ≥ 3 log reduction on surfaces or in static air—adjusted depending on shading, sporulation state, and setup.

What Remains Uncertain (Even After 2022 Studies)

Despite experiments, notably aboard the ISS, several points remain unclear regarding the potential use of Cladosporium sphaerospermum in space radiation protection:

• The actual level of protection a biological shield made from this fungus could provide in space (duration, radiation type and intensity, variable conditions) is still not well defined.

• The long-term efficiency, stability, and how such a fungus or its melanin could realistically be integrated into astronaut protection systems remain at the experimental or hypothetical stage.

• Recent studies show mixed results: in some cases, radiation exposure changes pigmentation (melanin content) more than growth rate, suggesting the adaptation relies more on cell protection than true metabolic stimulation.

Why This Fungus Resists Gamma Rays but Not UV-C

Two to three hundred mJ/cm² of UV-C energy are enough to inactivate 99.9% of its spores—whereas gamma radiation fails to weaken it.

Gamma rays are highly energetic but diffuse in effect: they generate free radicals in cells, causing DNA breaks that C. sphaerospermum can repair, aided by its enhanced repair mechanisms and melanin, which traps these radicals and dissipates energy.

UV-C rays (254 nm), on the other hand, act very differently: they are directly absorbed by DNA, creating specific lesions (pyrimidine dimers) that this fungus cannot effectively repair.

Germicidal UV: Its Achilles’ Heel

Unlike gamma rays, UV-C (254 nm) emitted by low-pressure lamps penetrates cells directly and causes irreversible DNA damage. These lesions block replication, leading to rapid inactivation.

Even a fungus as resistant as Cladosporium sphaerospermum is neutralized within minutes by a germicidal dose delivered by our UV-C lamps at 254 nm, whereas gamma radiation only slows its growth.

From Science to Industry: Cladosporium Meets Its Limits with UV-C

Industrial integration example: on a packaging line, glass jars are decontaminated by UV-C irradiation before filling.

What research reveals in extreme environments like Chernobyl or space finds direct application in industry: the fungus’ resistance to gamma rays does not prevent it from being effectively neutralized by UV-C. This confirms both the efficacy and reliability of germicidal UV treatment solutions for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

An Allergen and Industrial Contaminant

Even if Cladosporium sphaerospermum intrigues researchers for its potential in space biology, on Earth it remains a major undesirable contaminant in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors.

While fascinating for its resistance, this fungus is mainly known for spoiling stored fruits and vegetables. Rarely pathogenic to humans, it is nonetheless recognized as a respiratory allergen and may cause health issues in sensitive or immunocompromised individuals (rhinitis, asthma, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, and isolated intrabronchial lesions).

Safeguarding the Food Chain with UV-C

In the food sector, contamination by Cladosporium or other molds poses not only indirect health risks but also significant economic losses: rejected batches, line stoppages, costly recalls. As our expertise shows, UV-C disinfection emerges as a robust, chemical-free technology to secure critical steps such as packaging treatment, conveyors, conditioning zones, as well as air and surface disinfection in production halls and laboratories.

Preserving the Quality of Natural Cosmetic Extracts

In the cosmetics industry, where purity of raw materials is essential, contamination is particularly problematic. Sensitive ingredients such as floral waters, fruit waters, plant extracts, or essential oils can lose all commercial value if affected. Cladosporium alters appearance (discoloration, deposits, turbidity) and can compromise regulatory compliance—even simply as an allergen.

UV-C light disinfection offers an ideal solution: it eliminates contaminants without chemicals or altering organoleptic properties, ensuring natural extracts remain compliant with bio and premium market expectations.

Ensuring Sterility in Pharmaceutical Environments

In the pharmaceutical industry, spores such as those of Cladosporium pose critical risks: even rare contamination can compromise sterility standards and batch compliance.

Here, UV-C systems integrate seamlessly into cleanrooms and isolators, disinfecting air, surfaces, and equipment to reduce cross-contamination. Already applied in many GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) environments, UV-C reinforces biocontamination control and secures production of sensitive products such as vaccines, injectables, and sterile cosmetics.

Our Industrial UV-C Solutions: Safe and Reliable

Thus, while this fungus intrigues space science, on Earth it is a formidable adversary for industrial quality. ERIES® UVC solutions provide a safe, effective, and sustainable answer to eliminate this invisible yet costly risk—while meeting the strict demands of safety, performance, and environmental responsibility.

At ERIES®, we turn this germicidal power into a tool of sanitary security for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, ensuring contamination control, regulatory compliance, and consumer protection.

From Research to Industrial Solutions:  
Cladosporium sphaerospermum, resistant to gamma radiation, is neutralized by UV-C.
A clear demonstration that this germicidal technology is a reliable ally for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Bibliography

Scientific Sources

• Chang, J.C.H., Ossoff, S.F., Lobe, D.C., et al. (1985). UV inactivation of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49(6), 1361–1365.

• Sommer, R., Pribil, W., Appelt, S., et al. (2001). Inactivation of bacteriophages in water by means of non-ionizing radiation (UV-C). Water Research, 35(6), 1387–1393.

• Kowalski, W. (2009). Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook: UVGI for Air and Surface Disinfection. Springer.

• Dadachova, E., & Casadevall, A. (2008). How fungi cope, adapt, and exploit with the help of melanin. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 11(6), 525–531.

Media and Popular Science Sources

• Forbes (2020). Chernobyl fungus eats radiation; space station experiment could help protect astronauts.

• Slate.fr (2020). Le champignon qui se nourrit de radioactivité pourrait protéger les astronautes.

• Futura Sciences (2020). Un champignon de Tchernobyl pourrait protéger les astronautes contre la radiation.

• Science & Vie (2020). Un champignon radio-résistant testé dans l’espace.

• Daily Galaxy (2020). Chernobyl fungus on International Space Station could protect astronauts from radiation.

Chemical-free UVC disinfection for industrial production lines
Evolving UVC disinfection: low-pressure lamps maintain their role in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries

Despite its age, UVC technology has seen intensified use in recent years because it offers considerable advantages for modern industries. Indeed, UV-C technology, although dating back several decades, remains essential in disinfecting critical processes. With ultraviolet disinfection, it is possible to eliminate up to 99.9% of germs – viruses, bacteria, molds, yeasts, and other microorganisms – without chemicals, heat, or direct contact.

Low-Pressure Lamps versus UV LEDs

Although it is commonly assumed that UVC systems based on LEDs are more eco-friendly and cost-effective, the reality in this field shows that mercury vapor lamps continue to offer notable advantages in terms of efficiency, reliability, and recyclability.

Proven Efficiency of Low-Pressure Lamps

Low-pressure mercury vapor lamps emit a peak of UVC light at 254 nm, the optimal wavelength for achieving maximum germicidal effect. Thanks to this characteristic, their ability to destroy microorganisms is widely recognized and proves indispensable in processes where hygiene is critical, such as food packaging, cosmetic manufacturing, and medical device production. This high pathogen-eliminating efficiency translates into safer and more reliable processes.

Cost, Reliability, and Energy Efficiency of Mercury Vapor Lamps

Despite the growing popularity of LEDs, these UVC systems present considerably lower energy efficiency compared to mercury vapor lamps. While mercury vapor lamps can convert about 30–40% of electrical energy into UVC radiation, UVC LED devices typically reach only 3–5%. For example, to produce equivalent radiation intensity in an industrial application, a LED system may consume up to 10 times more energy than a mercury-based system.

Moreover, although mercury is a regulated substance, its content in these lamps is managed under strict standards ensuring proper end-of-life recycling. In contrast, the electronic waste and metals contained in LED systems are more difficult to recycle and pose an environmental challenge.

Thus, “green” UVC disinfection with low-pressure mercury vapor lamps proves to be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly in the long term.

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Thus, “green” UVC disinfection with low-pressure mercury vapor lamps proves to be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly in the long term.

Optimizing UVC Performance Through Temperature Control

Maximum lamp performance is achieved when their temperature stabilizes between 40°C and 65°C, corresponding to an ambient temperature of around 25°C. Indeed, too low or too high temperatures lead to a decrease in UVC output. In environments subject to cooling airflows, using HO (High Output) lamps, operating at higher power, makes it possible to maintain optimal temperature and constant UVC radiation, even under difficult conditions.

UVC: The Ideal Solution for the Organic and Natural Market

n an environment where consumers are increasingly attentive to environmental impacts and the purity of the products they consume, UVC technology emerges as an innovative alternative perfectly suited to the organic and natural market. By eliminating microorganisms through radiation without chemicals, this method ensures effective disinfection while preserving the integrity and quality of products.

Its rapid, residue-free action not only meets the strictest hygiene standards but also guarantees that taste, odor, and composition remain intact. This environmentally friendly process, fully compatible with the requirements of a healthy, eco-responsible lifestyle, strengthens consumer trust.

UVC Key Benefits for Organic and Natural Market Industries

By adopting UVC technology, industries in the organic and natural sector gain multiple benefits :

• Environmental respect : UVC radiation eliminates microorganisms without chemicals, ensuring an eco-friendly disinfection process compliant with organic standards.

• Product integrity preservation : The absence of chemical residues maintains purity, quality, and organoleptic properties, crucial for natural product consumers.

• Fast and reliable efficiency : UVC systems disinfect in seconds, optimizing production processes, reducing downtime, and increasing productivity.

• Reduced operational costs : By eliminating the need for chemical disinfectants, companies save on purchasing and effluent management costs, while reducing handling risks.

• Enhanced brand image: : Using clean, innovative disinfection technology highlights a company’s commitment to sustainable practices, strengthening consumer confidence and competitive positioning in the organic market.

• Compliance with strict standards : LAs UVC processes use no chemical additives, they facilitate compliance with regulatory requirements and organic certifications, ensuring product traceability and safety.

Therefore, UVC technology offers industries in the organic and natural sector a disinfection solution that is high-performance, economical, and perfectly aligned with the increasing demands for quality and sustainability.

LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Another ecological feature of UVC lamps is their low energy consumption. Compared to other traditional lighting technologies such as incandescent or halogen lamps, UVC lamps are much more energy-efficient. This results in low energy costs for our customers, thereby reducing environmental impact.

Moreover, by eliminating the need for using chemicals or more energy-intensive disinfection methods, we contribute to preserving the air we breathe and minimizing our impact on the climate.

UV-C lamps are renowned for their long lifespan. Our UVC lamps can operate for up to 9000 hours before needing replacement. This is equivalent to a year of continuous operation, 24 hours a day.

This longevity is a major advantage as it reduces the frequency of lamp replacements, thus also limiting the amount of waste generated.

Unlike some older UVC technologies that require intensive cooling devices and consume considerable amounts of energy, modern UVC lamps are designed to be more energy-efficient. They convert a greater proportion of electricity into useful UVC radiation, thereby minimizing energy losses in the form of heat.

In addition to the environmental benefits it represents, the long lifespan of UV-C lamps also leads to long-term financial savings: it reduces maintenance costs and the need to purchase new lamps.

It is also important to note that in some cases, using chemicals for disinfection, such as hydrogen peroxide or bleach, can prove to be more costly: the continuous use of these products often requires significant quantities, resulting in high long-term expenses; more than those associated with installing and maintaining UV lamps. Furthermore, these chemical products generate effluents when they need to be decomposed, thus polluting the environment.

Another example, our surface and air disinfection device, the ERIES UV MOB, can disinfect a room from Covid-19:

 – 15m2 in 5 minutes,

 – 30m2 in 10 minutes,

 – 40m2 in 20 minutes.

UV-C radiation is compatible with other water and air treatment processes. It does not alter the taste, odor, pH, conductivity, or chemical properties of the air/water in which it is used.

We internally manage the design of UV-C germicidal treatment systems, as well as the automation to be integrated into your equipment. If necessary, we are capable of creating the special machine you require and integrating it into your production line, premises, or air conditioning systems.

In the complex landscape of food safety and cosmetic product quality, a recognized solution emerges, offering a glimmer of hope amidst persistent challenges. Consider a disinfection method capable not only of eliminating pathogens but also preserving the freshness and integrity of the liquids we consume and use daily. This solution exists, and it comes in the form of ultraviolet light – a remarkable advancement in the field of fluid treatment.

The application of UVC light ranges from purifying fluids such as ambient air and drinking water to treating sensitive liquids such as fruit juices, essential oils, floral waters, and plant extracts used in the industry, offering an effective and environmentally friendly solution to the multiple challenges of our time.

Join us for an exploration through the vast domain of liquid disinfection, where we will discover the numerous benefits, various processes, and regulations surrounding this innovative technology. Prepare to be guided towards the promising horizons of UV-C liquid treatment.

SUMMARY

Illuminating Innovation in UV Water Treatment system

Optimizing Safety and Freshness of Liquids with UVC Disinfection

Why Opt for UVC Exposure Treatment for Liquids?

Food liquids treated by UVC: drinking water, fruit and vegetable juices, syrups, milk and dairy products, oils and fatty liquids, etc.

Cosmetic liquids treated by UVC: floral waters, essential oils, body and hand lotions, facial cleansing solutions, etc.

Process waters

Surface waters, wastewater treatment, and industrial/residual liquid waste treatment

The criteria necessary for UV liquid disinfection

UV Reactor: ERIES’ New Product, UV water disinfection system

Operating Principle

Multiple and Economic Benefits of UV-C Treatment

Regulations on the Use of UV-C in the Food Industry

Results and Applications: Studies on the Effectiveness of UV

Illuminating Innovation in UV Water Treatment system

The technology of disinfection through ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including the UVC spectrum (wavelengths between 100 and 280 nanometers), began to be explored and developed for practical applications in the early 20th century. The effectiveness of UV rays in inactivating bacteria and other microorganisms was first recognized in the late 19th century, but it was in the early 20th century that the first practical applications of UV disinfection were achieved.

The first significant UV water disinfection plant was established in Marseille, France, in 1910. This facility used UV light to treat the city’s drinking water, marking one of the earliest large-scale uses of this technology for water disinfection. Over the years, the use of UV for water, air, and surface disinfection has expanded, benefiting from technological advancements to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

By the mid-20th century, UVC technology became more common in drinking water and wastewater treatment, as well as in certain industrial and medical applications, due to its ability to effectively inactivate a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms without the addition of chemicals and without leaving harmful residues.

In recent decades, interest in UV disinfection has experienced a resurgence, partly due to growing concerns about antibiotic and chemical disinfectant resistance, as well as the environmental impact of these substances.

Optimizing Safety and Freshness of Liquids with UVC Disinfection

Why Opt for UVC Exposure Treatment for Liquids?

Unlike treatments such as infrared, which can alter the nutritional, sensory, and organoleptic properties of foods, as well as the texture, color, or fragrance of cosmetic products, UVC irradiation preserves the physical and sensory properties of products while maintaining their quality.

Food liquids treated by UVC: drinking water, fruit and vegetable juices, syrups, milk and dairy products, oils and fatty liquids, etc.

Treating food liquids with UV is of crucial importance to ensure food safety and maintain the quality of water and products.

Today, millions of people suffer from undernutrition caused by a lack of essential minerals and micronutrients. The growing popularity of fruit and vegetable-based products is due to their potential health benefits, thanks to their richness in vitamins, nutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, these products are highly perishable and have a limited shelf life, especially when consumed fresh.

This is where food processing techniques come into play.

They allow for increased food choices and extend the shelf life of products by removing microbial or enzymatic deterioration.

In the market, traditional thermal processing technologies have long been considered the primary solution for ensuring the microbiological safety of liquids. However, despite their proven effectiveness, these methods pose significant challenges. The high temperatures required to ensure adequate disinfection can alter the nutritional, sensory, and organoleptic quality of liquids, compromising their appeal to consumers. Consequently, although products may be free from microbial contamination, they may lose a significant portion of their nutritional value and overall quality, which can affect their market acceptance.

Faced with these challenges, alternative technologies, such as the use of UV-C light for treating fluids and liquids, prove to be a promising solution to ensure food safety while preserving the nutritional quality of processed foods.

Cosmetic liquids treated by UVC: floral waters, essential oils, body and hand lotions, facial cleansing solutions, etc.

The need for aseptic production in cosmetics is paramount due to their complex composition and direct application to the skin. These products contain moisturizing and emollient ingredients, as well as water, making them sensitive to microbial contamination such as fungi or molds. The moisture present in cosmetic products creates an environment conducive to the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, which can compromise the quality and safety of the products. Consequently, effective disinfection is essential to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and ensure the safety and quality of cosmetic products for consumers.

In this context, avoiding the use of preservatives and disinfecting without chemicals represents a crucial advantage for these industries. By disinfecting liquid ingredients, the risk of microbial contamination is reduced, thus extending the shelf life of cosmetic products: effective disinfection is ensured. Another major advantage lies in the speed and ease of implementation of the UV irradiation process.

Furthermore, UVC irradiation is compatible with packaging materials, making it a versatile method adaptable to the specific needs of each cosmetic product. Disinfecting packaging and containers just before packaging is a common practice in the food industry to ensure food safety by preventing microbial contamination. This practice has proven effective in reducing the risks of cross-contamination and ensuring the quality of finished products.

By applying this same approach to the cosmetic industry, we can also reap the benefits of disinfecting packaging and containers. This could help prevent contamination of cosmetic products by contributing to ensuring the safety and stability of products throughout their shelf life.

Process waters:

These waters, particularly those requiring the total absence of any disinfectant residue, are essential in various industrial or environmental applications. UV disinfection of these waters is indispensable in such situations, where the presence of disinfectants may interfere with other processes or be considered undesirable. For example, industrial cooling fluids are prone to contamination, which can lead to problems such as equipment corrosion and fouling.

Another example is 100% purified water, which is crucial in the specific formulas of consumer products intolerant to even the slightest presence of microorganisms. The purified water loop represents a vital element ensuring the quality and safety of liquids used in industrial processes, especially in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This loop constitutes a closed system, where water is treated and purified before being reused in production operations. Through technologies such as filtration, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange, impurities and contaminants are removed, although sometimes microorganisms may pass through.

UV disinfection then becomes a crucial step within this purified water loop. Passing water through a UV reactor annihilates any germ and prevents its development.

Surface waters, wastewater treatment, and industrial/residual liquid waste treatment:

UV-C is widely employed in the treatment of surface waters, such as in fish farms, and in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Surface waters, often used for various purposes such as drinking water supply, agricultural irrigation, industry, and recreation, can be contaminated by various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and algae, due to human activities, wastewater discharges, and environmental conditions.

The UV-C disinfection process is also commonly used to treat industrial liquid waste, including wastewater. Studies have examined the effectiveness of UV-C in inactivating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their impact on the formation of reactive substances from organic matter present in effluents.

The use of UV-C for disinfecting fluids and liquids is vast and diversified, extending well beyond the applications mentioned above. However, this article primarily focuses on liquids intended for food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical consumption.

The criteria necessary for UV liquid disinfection

Prior to UV disinfection, several criteria must be checked to ensure the effectiveness of liquid treatment. Here are the main parameters to consider:

• Firstly, the UVc transmittance of water, which represents its ability to allow UV rays emitted at 254 nm to pass through. It is essential to understand that UVC does not have the ability to penetrate fluids and materials transparently in the same way as visible light. For liquid treatment, especially water, it is crucial to incorporate the transmissibility coefficient specific to each fluid in the calculations. This coefficient has no relation to the transparency of the fluid to visible light; for example, although ‘Crystal Vinegar’ is completely transparent to our eyes, it is entirely opaque to UVC.
• The turbidity of the water is also important, as low turbidity means fewer obstacles for UV radiation.
• The presence of iron and manganese in the water, as these metal salts can deposit on the protective sheaths of UV lamps.
• The content of organic matter, especially when not microscopic, should also be evaluated, as they can absorb and/or create shadow areas for UV light at 254 nm.
• Finally, the more or less scaling nature of the water must be taken into consideration to ensure the proper functioning of the UV disinfection system.

In this context, we are excited to introduce our upcoming innovative product, the ERIES UV Reactor, which is about to be launched exclusively. This reactor has been specially designed to meet the disinfection needs of small quantity liquid products (especially for the food and cosmetic sectors).

UV Reactor: ERIES’ New Product, UV water disinfection system

Operating Principle:

The ERIES UV Reactor represents a significant advancement in the field of liquid treatment through UV-C irradiation. Designed to meet the requirements of the food, cosmetic, and water treatment industries, this equipment offers one of the best solutions for ensuring effective disinfection of liquid products while preserving their properties.

Flexible Treatment Processes

Liquid products can be treated by UV-C irradiation using equipment that operates in batch or continuous treatment modes:

 – Batch Treatment Mode:

The liquid is poured into the reactor and its irradiation chamber, where it is exposed to a specific dose of UV-C for a predefined duration. A particular motion is applied to ensure effective action of the UV-C on the liquid.

 – Continuous Treatment Mode:

It involves pumping the product through the Reactor. The motion generates efficient mixing and uniform distribution of speed and treatment time for liquids. Fluids thus pass through a specially designed tube to allow maximum transmission of ultraviolet rays.

The liquid flow occurs due to the interaction between the centrifugal force resulting from the curvature of the conduit and the fluid friction force against the conduit walls. These forces act together to induce the formation of helical vortices that move along the conduit walls.

In this configuration, the liquid is briefly exposed to UV-C, with the possibility of recirculation or not. The exposure time is determined based on the type of liquid and its UV-C transmittance. This continuous method is particularly advantageous for industrial applications due to its positive impact on productivity, which is naturally linked to the pace of industrial production envisaged.

Multiple Benefits:

In addition to ensuring effective disinfection, the ERIES UV Reactor preserves the sensory characteristics of products, such as their appearance, color, odor, and taste.

With a specifically calculated flow rate based on treatment needs, it ensures product safety without chemical residues or toxic effects, thus meeting the strictest food safety standards (while also preserving the environment).

Economic Benefits of UV-C Treatment:

A thorough analysis of the costs and economic efficiency of UV-C liquid treatment reveals significant advantages for food and cosmetic companies. While the initial costs of installing and maintaining UV-C disinfection equipment may seem like an investment, they should be considered in the context of potential savings resulting from reduced product losses and recalls due to microbiological contamination.

Regulations on the Use of UV-C in the Food Industry

UV-C is widely used in the food industry, benefiting from international recognition and regulation for its effectiveness in pasteurizing and sanitizing beverages and foods.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of UV-C to reduce human pathogens and other microorganisms in juices, control surface microorganisms in food, and sterilize water used in food production, in accordance with regulation 21CFR179.39. The required UV dose is determined on a case-by-case basis, following good manufacturing practices.

In Europe, the European Union regulates new foods, including those treated with UV, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has approved their safe use for certain applications, such as milk processing after pasteurization.

Ireland, Israel, Canada, and India also have specific regulations that authorize the safe use of UV-C in food processing, with labeling requirements and standards specific to each country.

This international regulation offers new opportunities for the development and commercialization of UV-treated products on an industrial scale, ensuring their safety and regulatory compliance.

Results and Applications: Studies on the Effectiveness of UV

Extensive research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of UV-C germicidal treatment in reducing pathogenic microorganisms present in a variety of food liquids while preserving their intrinsic quality. Here are 6:

• A study conducted in 2006 showed that UV-C treatment of mango nectar, at variable flow rates of 0.073 and 0.451 L/min, resulted in a significant reduction in the total number of microbes, with a maximum logarithmic reduction of 2.71 CFU/mL for total microbe count and 2.94 CFU/mL for yeast count. (1)

• Another study by Caminiti et al. in 2010 demonstrated the effectiveness of UV-C light in reducing pathogenic microorganisms in reconstituted apple juice. By exposing apple juice to UV-C light in a laboratory-scale continuous system, with doses ranging from 2.66 to 53.10 J/cm², they managed to reduce Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua counts below detection limits. (2)

• A study by Pala and Toklucu in 2011 examined the effect of UV treatment on pomegranate juice to preserve its main quality characteristics, such as anthocyanins, polymer color, antioxidant activity, and total phenol content. The results showed better preservation of these parameters with the use of UV-C light compared to untreated juice. (3)

• A study by Győrfi et al. also in 2011 examined the effect of UV-C light on vitamin D production in mushrooms. The results showed that exposure to UV-C light increased the vitamin D2 content of mushrooms by converting ergosterol present into vitamin D2, which could contribute to improving the nutritional value of these foods. (4)

• In another research by Haro-Maza, J.; Guerrero-Beltran, J (2016), after being exposed to UV-C for durations ranging from 5 to 25 minutes, blueberry and raspberry nectars showed increased levels of total monomeric anthocyanins, indicating enhanced preservation of these health-beneficial compounds. (5)

• A study published on August 27, 2023, highlights the importance of preserving nutrients in food products derived from fruits and vegetables, especially those processed into juices, purees, and sauces. By emphasizing the detrimental effects of traditional thermal treatments on nutritional value, it highlights the search for alternative technologies. Among these, UV-C treatment emerges as a promising solution, preserving food quality while minimizing nutrient degradation. (6)

These promising results have paved the way for a range of practical applications in the food industry. Juice, flavored water, and other food liquid manufacturers can now use the ERIES UV Reactor as an effective method to reduce risks associated with microbial contamination without compromising the quality of their products. This not only provides increased food safety assurance but also strengthens consumer confidence in the quality of liquid food products available in the market.

Bibliography:

(1) Authors: Guerrero-Beltran, JA; Barbosa-Cánovas, GV. “Inactivation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and polyphenol oxidase in UV-treated mango nectar.” J. Food Protection. 2006.

(2) Authors: Caminiti, IM; Palgan, M.; Muñoz, A.; Noci, F.; Whyte, P.; Morgan, DJ; Cronin, DA; Lyng, JG. “The effect of ultraviolet light on microbial inactivation and quality attributes of apple juice.” Food Bioprocess Technology. 2010.

(3) Authors: Pala, Ç.U.; Toklucu, AK. “Effect of UV-C light on anthocyanin content and other quality parameters of pomegranate juice.” J. Food Composition. 2011.

(4) Authors: Győrfi, J.; Kovacs, A.; Szabó, A. “Increase of vitamin D level of oyster mushrooms by UV light.” Int. J. Horticulture. 2011.

(5) Authors: Haro-Maza, J.; Guerrero-Beltran, J. “Effect of ultraviolet-C light on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry nectars.” J. Food Research. 2016.

(6) Authors: Rose Daphnée Tchonkouang, Alexandre R. Lima, Andreia C. Quintino, Nathana L. Cristofoli, and Margarida C. Vieira. “UV-C Light: A Promising Preservation Technology for Non-Solid Vegetable-Based Food Products.” Foods. August 27, 2023.

Cleaning and disinfection have become essential pillars for a multitude of industrial sectors.

Neglecting disinfection compromises the quality of products and services, disregards strict regulations regarding hygiene and safety, and above all, jeopardizes public health by opening the door to microbes, diseases, and infections.

Disinfection Methods

We find several different disinfection methods apart from UV-C, including:

• Disinfecting with chemicals and/or antimicrobials

  Effective, but may leave chemical residues, and their excessive use can lead to resistance issues. Some products are even highly harmful to the environment…

• Disinfecting through heat

  This method proves to be effective for disinfection but can be damaging to certain equipment and materials sensitive to heat.

This is why at ERIES, we believe that using UV processes is the best disinfection solution possible for your sector.

It is crucial to emphasize that disinfection must always be carried out on clean surfaces. It is impossible to disinfect a surface already contaminated by biofilm, as this would compromise the effectiveness of the disinfection process.

The 3 different UV-C sources available on the market for disinfection are:

• Pulsed Light
• UV-C LEDs
• Low-Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamps (also referred to as ozone lamps)

At ERIES, we exclusively utilize low-pressure mercury vapor lamps in our equipment due to their low cost, lamp longevity, and easy maintenance.

But these are not their only advantages!

UV Germicidal Lamp: What are the Advantages?

• Disinfection of all germs without alcohol or chemical products (chlorine, bleach, etc.)
• Fast and effective (we’re talking about a few seconds to disinfect the internal surfaces of a 5L container)
• Less damage to sensitive materials
• Eco-friendly
• Versatility of application
• Adaptability to complex spaces
• Long lifespan (1 lamp = 9000 ignitions or 1 year in continuous use)
• Cost-controlled, even lower compared to other UV-C methods

Decontamination service: for which sectors?

UV Light Disinfection for the Food Industry

Industrial UV Disinfection

UVC lamps for research sectors: medical, institutes, laboratories,…

UV-C Disinfection for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries

In the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, the challenges related to disinfection are becoming increasingly complex due to the growing requirement to avoid using harmful chemical preservatives. Faced with this issue, the focus is primarily on decontaminating containers and spaces where the product manufacturing process takes place, ensuring optimal hygienic conditions for the production of medicines and cosmetic products, in accordance with rigorous purity standards.

UV Disinfection Process: How Does It Work?

The UV-C disinfection process relies on the powerful action of ultraviolet rays of type C. These rays, of a specific wavelength (ranging between 100 and 280 nanometers), penetrate microbial cells, disrupt their genetic structure, and render them unable to reproduce. This process is based on several essential scientific principles:

Interaction with DNA and RNA: Principles of UV-C Disinfection

Parameters Influencing the Efficacy of UVC Lamp

The UV-C light disinfection process relies on a complex germicidal action mechanism that takes into account several parameters. Light intensity, exposure duration, and the specific type of microorganism targeted are crucial factors that vary depending on the particular application of UV-C disinfection. The germicidal efficacy of this method also depends on the dose-response relationship, microbial susceptibility, and optical properties of the treated surfaces or food matrices.

The effectiveness of disinfection by UV-C lamps relies on the aforementioned parameters, among others, requiring careful management of the dose: exposure time, distance between the lamp and the surface to be treated, targeted microorganisms, and the angle of radiation. Here’s how these factors influence UV-C lamp disinfection:

Angle of Ultraviolet Radiation:

UV-C lamps emit rays in a specific direction. An improper angle can result in shadow areas where the rays do not directly hit the surface.

Adjusting the angle of the lamp ensures that UV-C rays reach all parts of the targeted surface.

To understand further:

• The principles of ultraviolet radiation (difference between UV-A/UV-B/UV-C and their functionalities),
• The energy and dose required to calculate for effective disinfection,

Explore in more detail the technical principles of UV-C on this page.

ERIES UV Machine : UV Device and Usage

To address the most commonly encountered challenges in disinfection, ERIES has developed a range of standard products. This range has been designed in response to the recurring issues raised by our clients, including the disinfection of tanks, IBC containers, and drums, as well as the disinfection of cans, various objects, and individual parts/rooms. This range includes 7 products, 4 for surface disinfection and 3 for air disinfection:

Surface decontamination equipment:

UV air treatment system:

Custom UV Cleaning Solution by ERIES

In addition to our standard range, we also offer other UV-C systems, sometimes exclusive.

And this is what sets us apart from our competitors: our expertise in finding tailor-made solutions according to the specific needs of our customers. No matter the complexity of your project, our engineering department will always be ready to study it and find solutions to all your disinfection challenges. And we even say that the more complicated the project, the more enthusiastically we tackle it!

For example, to meet the complexities of disinfection in certain cases, we had to expand our range of UV lamps. Whether it’s in terms of power, size, or even the shape of the lamp.

Our ingenuity knows no bounds.

To learn more about our range of UV lamps, refer on our UVC lamps page.

It is with great enthusiasm that ERIES presents its new website: www.eries.com.

A showcase designed for our clients and partners.

This new website has been specially designed for our clients and partners, aiming to simplify their processes and assist them in their search for cutting-edge UVC radiation disinfection solutions. We are dedicated to meeting your specific needs and providing clear and relevant information about our products and services.

An immersion into UVC technology and its utility in disinfection.

With our new website, you can delve deep into the world of germicidal treatment through UVC radiation. You’ll discover in-depth information about our equipment, flagship products, and our complete catalog. Whether you’re in the food industry, cosmetics, or research, we have developed solutions tailored to your specific needs.

A Commitment to Innovation

At ERIES, innovation lies at the core of our values. This new website reflects our ongoing commitment to improving our products and services. We encourage you to visit our site regularly to explore our latest technological advancements and innovations in UVC radiation disinfection.

1. We invite you to discover our new website now at www.eries.com. Browse through our pages, explore our products, and learn more about UVC radiation disinfection. We hope this new platform will meet all your expectations and assist you in making informed decisions for your disinfection needs.

We wish you an enjoyable exploration of our new website, and of course, we remain at your disposal to answer any questions and assist you with your UVC radiation disinfection projects.